THE IMPACT OF DNA TECHNOLOGY IN INVESTIGATION AND PROSECUTION UNDER RWANDAN LAW

Abstract

A method called DNA profiling, which was created in the 1980s, makes it possible to identify people by their distinct genetic composition. Its use in forensic science has significantly improved the precision and dependability of criminal investigations. DNA evidence plays a crucial role in identifying unidentified victims, verifying or ruling out possible criminals, and connecting suspects to crime scenes. DNA evidence helps law enforcement by reducing the number of potential suspects and providing more precise direction for investigations. Crime scene DNA may now be compared to suspect profiles, greatly increasing the efficacy and efficiency of criminal investigations. Additionally, the range of situations in which DNA evidence can be used has increased due to developments in DNA technology, including low-template and touch DNA analysis. When it comes to the prosecution, DNA evidence is an essential part of proving a person guilty or not. Because DNA profiling is so reliable, it can produce strong evidence in court, which frequently results in convictions in situations when other evidence could be equivocal. But there are drawbacks to using DNA evidence as well, such as problems with contamination, custody chains, and interpreting contaminated or damaged DNA samples. In addition, the increasing utilization of DNA databases has improved the capacity to resolve unsolved cases and avoid erroneous convictions. However, privacy and ethical issues about the gathering, storing, and use of genetic data continue to exist, requiring constant discussion and legislation to strike a balance between the advantages of DNA evidence and individual rights. DNA evidence has changed the environment of criminal justice, providing unmatched precision and dependability in probes and cases. Although there are many benefits, maintaining the integrity of the legal system and safeguarding the rights of all parties concerned requires ongoing improvements and cautious handling of the problems that arise.