Design and implementation of lightning protection system

Abstract

Lightning is a natural atmospheric phenomenon that occurs during thunderstorms, resulting from the discharge of electricity between clouds or between a cloud and the ground. It can produce immense energy, generating voltages of up to 100 million volts, which can cause catastrophic damage to structures, electrical systems, and pose severe risks to human safety. In regions like Rwanda, where thunderstorms are established, the potential for lightning strikes is a pressing concern for educational, particularly those with growing infrastructures such as Kigali Independent University (ULK). The increasing frequency of these storms underscores the need for effective lightning protection systems (LPS) to safeguard both facilities and occupants. Many buildings at ULK lacked suitable protection against lightning, which led to disruptions in electrical systems, damage to equipment, and potential hazards for students and staff. To address these challenges, a comprehensive design and implementation plan for a lightning protection system was developed. This solution involved installing air terminals on significant structures to intercept lightning strikes, connecting them to down conductors that safely direct lightning energy into a well-designed grounding system. Surge protection devices (SPDs) were also integrated to protect sensitive electronic equipment within classrooms and administrative offices. The implementation process included thorough risk assessments to identify vulnerable areas, strategically positioning air terminals throughout the campus, and ensuring that all terminals were connected to down conductors for low-resistance grounding. Regular maintenance and inspections were planned to guarantee the system's ongoing functionality. The successful implementation of the lightning protection system at ULK has resulted in substantial benefits for the university community, enhancing safety and reducing the risk of lightning-related incidents, while also raising awareness about the importance of lightning safety and disaster preparedness in educational settings. This initiative serves as a valuable model for other schools and universities in Rwanda and beyond.